Garry Winogrand Essay -- Essays Papers

Garry Winogrand Gary Winogrand’s photography profession started when a companion acquainted him with it in 1948 while taking artwork classes at Columbia University. After Winogrand’s first presentation to the darkroom, he surrendered painting and â€Å"never looked back.† Winogrand turned out to be very developed in photography and felt that nothing else in life made a difference. He dropped out of school to seek after his energy. Procuring a normal of ninety pennies for each week, he had a troublesome yet decided start. Winogrand didn't worry about issues that were influencing society and consequently didn't generally speak to the mass open. Winogrand’s long and effectively disputable profession experienced numerous turns and obstruction that at last drove him to get one of the most noted picture takers of the late twentieth century. Winogrand found photography at a point in time when flighty photographs were simply starting to develop. In spite of the fact that it was felt that photojournalism had offered the most chance, this new and unusual heading of photography was liked. Craftsmen were currently ready to shoot what they wanted not what they were advised to shoot. This progressive type of photography depended on feeling and instinct instead of accuracy and depiction. Investigating genuine turned out to be a greater amount of the center, rather than determined or arranged out pictures. In the mid fifties, Winogrand endeavored to turn into an independent picture taker, however the cash he was making was not adequate enough to help his new spouse and youngsters. He had to invest a large portion of his energy working for magazines, for example, Colliers, Redbook, and Sports Illustrated. Right now Winogrand’s photo’s had no differentiation from some other photojournalist, yet he generally felt uniqu e and sat tight for the opportunity to demonstrate it. He once stated, â€Å" The best stories were those that had no story line†¦on entertainers†¦or athletic challenges, where the picture taker could overlook account and focus on development, substance, signal, show, and human faces†(Szarkowski, p17). By the mid sixties, Winogrand’s marriage was starting to come up short. He got disappointed with his better half Adrienne on the grounds that she would not dismiss her enthusiasm for turning into an artist and go to work to help his craving to turn into a picture taker. It was during time that Gary turned out to be amazingly distracted with capturing ladies in the city of N... ...ich sort of shoes, totes, shades, and hairdos were generally well known. The activities, signals, and contemplations of these individuals both state and infer numerous things. The individual of color and white lady on the left appear to be occupied with a discussion. The white lady sitting close to her strength be murmuring regarding the way that the other lady is conversing with a person of color, which could additionally infer that this activity of speaking outside of one’s race was not usually acknowledged. The more established man on the privilege may not be keen on cutting edge thoughts, inclining toward increasingly traditionalist things, for example, a paper. Albeit each figure is engaged with something else, their activities appear to have an association with each other. Winogrand shot a wide perspective on this scene, yet at the same time figured out how to catch a private depiction of every individual. There are various potential stories and inquiries concerning every individual sitting on the seat. Winogrand causes the watchers to consid er over every articulation and cooperation, making them wish they were perched on the seat, listening stealthily regarding the matters. List of sources Szarkowski, John. Winogrand: Figments From The Real World. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1988.

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration free essay sample

The reason for this paper is to talk about the open intrigue and the managerial obligation. Talk about a portion of the ongoing moral commitments defying open executives in their everyday dynamic. Likewise we will analyze the ongoing pattern in privatizing government capacities. At long last, we will talk about if privatizing groups any sort of dilemma’s for the fulfillment of open intrigue. Previous Senator from Illinois, Paul Douglas said that† Instead, most men need an existence of uprightness and generosity where open authorities are stewards as opposed to experts and treat their occupations as a methods for helping individuals as opposed to ruling them. Besides, he expresses the way that our lives are straightforwardly influenced, and that our administration itself is presently so huge. That basically as country, we genuinely can't be happy with the possibility of our open authorities acting degrees of conduct on a size of decently respectability. Bad conduct of even the littlest percent from our open authorities can cause the best damage. We will compose a custom paper test on Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A few parts of one’s faculty life is uncovered for open record, once said individual enters the open domain. Appearances of inappropriateness, wellbeing, sexual wrongdoing, and accounts are these aspects.The part of appearance of inappropriateness so as to keep away from terrible exposure from the general population in their dynamic. Authorities ought to transparently make accessible all irreconcilable circumstances made known to general society. In managing the part of wellbeing ought to be prepared for the test according to people in general. A case of this is taking a gander at the principal woman Michelle Obama. Her reasonable association in getting today’s youth as wellbeing as her family. She is opening the entryway for progressively physical action and eating right.Sexual unfortunate behavior viewpoint is obviously when we are look at the Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration 2 Sex life of our open authorities. A prime model would be previous President Clinton. This thusly can be deciphered that such unfortunate behavior would meddle with the open official’s said obligations. The accounts angle is that open authorities may have their own work force issues with regards to managing budgetary issues, despite the fact that they are handle the open funds.One disservice of this viewpoint is that if a legislator gets associated with a circumstance, they may lean toward not to name names. Yet, on the in addition to side a favorable position to this angle is that people in general can choose if the authority can defeat said weights of any type of charge funds. Henceforth then people in general can decide whether the open authority is fit to deal with accounts appropriately. Next, is regulatory duty? Just put this is a common duty between open officials.Our authorities need to decide a route all together lead without division of said duties. This ought to be performed by and large and not simply separately. Moreover, ongoing moral commitments as communicated by Aristotle, â€Å" to do this to the ideal individual, to the correct degree, at the ideal time, with the correct rationale, and the correct way, that isn't for everybody nor is it simple; wherefore goodness is both uncommon and excellent and honorable. † In today’s society this announcement can in any case be valid, as much it was in Aristotle time.America’s pioneers are consistently into the semi-administration of different nations, for example, Libya, Africa, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Despite the fact that our leader’s sole duty isn't to administer different nations, however America. Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration 3 It would give the idea that the overall sensation right presently is privatizing. Government authorities of each level has what gives the idea that they have gone to the private division so as to gi ve said administrations that are typically given by workplaces of the legislature, in the previous not many years. The wide spread of privatization development inside the private division is a great source to offer types of assistance. Additionally privatizing decreases cost, and takes into account a superior productive government motivation. Lodging privatizing will in all likelihood be utilized, since the legislature is looking for adjustment. The military is utilizing private associations so as to construct and keep up government quarters, since military individuals alongside their families need to move each three to five years.

Some Theories of Personality Essay

Character Presentation  â â â â â â â â â â There are various characters that individuals show in life as per distinctive life circumstances that they experience or are living in. The most well-known character that a run of the mill individual is probably going to show today that has been depicted by Sigmund Freud is that of conscience. This is so on the grounds that in the most piece of our lives, we depend on oblivious piece of brain (George, 2010). This part is the source truth of what can be managed, how and when. It controls our wants based on what we should have at a specific time and in the event that we can't bear the cost of it around then, the sense of self illuminates an individual to defer it for one more day.  â â â â â â â â â â We are once in a while obliged to nullify or repulse getting discerning of certain drives and along these lines, they much of the time show in a concealed structure however the sense of self makes these drives real(George, 2010). Albeit individuals want to have things that they consider are significance to them, this piece of brain makes them mindful of what they can bear the cost of or what they can't manage. The inner self causes the run of the mill individual to relate things that the person in question needs to the truth (Sow and Chan, 2010). It in this manner drives an individual into searching for objects that can fulfill what the person needs but since of the failure to secure them, they remunerate with some other wellspring of fulfillment.  â â â â â â â â â â Relating to the present reality, individuals are going through a great many cash in scan for self-acknowledgment through projects that are offered by a few firms. These projects assist them with getting edified and they rapidly turn their lives around. To this end, these individuals feel that in the event that they understand themselves, they will have the option to carry on with a cheerful life. They consequently are eager to go through whatever the cash they regard important to try out the projects that will assist them with acknowledging themselves. The majority of these people are well off or to some degree capable of supporting themselves if not affluent but rather, they don't understand joy in their riches or capacity. The main way they can get this joy is through going through their cash not on purchasing costly belongings however by going through that cash to look for smugness (George, 2010).  â â â â â â â â â â Similarly, contingent upon the degree of requirements, the vast majority are driven by a craving to aggregate riches throughout their life. As they see, being rich methods being cheerful in light of the fact that, they can bear to purchase all that they want with their riches. Subsequently, they would do anything inside their capacity to fulfill their craving. Here and there, the advocated methods for procuring riches that have been directed by the general public may not support such people. They are, in this manner, driven by their wants to make different intends to accomplish their objectives. These different methods might be legal for instance, through contributing or beginning a business or might be unlawful for instance, the selling of medications, defilement, taking, and commanding accumulating among other illicit methods (Sow& Chan, 2010).  â â â â â â â â â â Unfortunately, when one want is accomplished, the body continues longing for additional. Such people structure an infection out of a propensity during the time spent fulfilling their inspirations (Weiten et al, 2011). They hence recognize by the methods where they accomplish their wants and this smothers their discernment on the current cultural laws. In the event that the action that they accomplish their wants through is unlawful, they consider it legitimate and regular. Later on, after such people gather more riches, they understand that the riches isn't sufficient to satisfy them. Now, they put resources into programs that are equipped towards accomplishing self-acknowledgment (Weiten et al, 2011).  â â â â â â â â â â Such a character influences an average person’s conduct in a few different ways. To start with, the person figures out how to adjust between the vigorous wants and the genuine world desires (Sow and Chan, 2010). At the point when one is ruled by hearty wants, the individual can support those wants using sense of self character. On the off chance that the individual permits the robust wants character to rule, the person in question conflicts with the cultural standards or the specified laws. To this end, such an individual is said to be a crook.  â â â â â â â â â â Secondly, when an individual is driven by the longing to get well off through hoarding of riches either through adjustment to specified laws or discrediting the laws, they are transformed into riches making machines whose job is to make riches. This has added to disappointment in social structures, for example, the family as a result of the brief period these people need to focus on building social connections. No big surprise the high pace of broken relationships and families. This has left the little youngsters without the most fundamental supporters of their character at early age in particular; father and mother. Insufficiency in character advancement on kids continues adding to the tragedies of the present reality (George, 2010).  â â â â â â â â â â Through commitment in unlawful methods for fulfilling an individual’s want, the pace of violations in the nation continues rising. It gets hard for the person to make the wisest decision in light of the fact that the piece of character that is answerable for educating is desensitized from perceiving the privilege from an inappropriate. This is perilous in light of the fact that the individual would successfully keep up his wellspring of riches. No big surprise there are numerous deaths in places enslaved by unlawful business, for example, the medication distributing cartels (Sow& Chan, 2010). References George,B. (2006). Character Theories. Discovered online at: htttp://www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_freud.pdf Sow, Gaik and Chan, Wai. (2010). Character Development. Discovered online at: http://elearning.ibc.ac.th/destinations/default/documents/personality%20development_0.pdfWeiten, W.,Dunn, D. and Hammer, E.Y. (2011). Brain science Applied to Modern Life; Adjustment in the 21st Century: Tenth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth-Cengage. Source report

Writing a Motivational Speech Make Your Audience Applaude

Finding motivation and inspiration are the key drivers of success in any business or occupation, making the process of writing a motivational speech both an interesting and an intimidating task. Motivation is a key characteristic of leadership, which is an important element of Human Resource Management courses, such as Leadership Studies. There are multiple occasion when one may require to form a motivational speech, whether out of professional determination, or academic assignments, one should understand the complexity of presenting information in such way that would motivate and inspire others. Thus, writing a motivational speech may seem for one as a difficult task, which, however, is actually not entirely impossible to accomplish. What is Motivation It would be more than noteworthy to attempt to define and understand the term of motivation before attempting to write a motivational speech. Motivation can be referred to as a mental concept that influences a persons behavior – it is the driver of action, it resembles the reasons a person may have to behave or think in a certain way, thus, making a motivational speech very influential. It is a term that is widely used in the disciplines of Human Resource Management, as it is critical for the managing staff to be able to motivate their employees. What Makes a Motivational Speech A motivational speech is different from a regular speech or presentation. While a sales presentation or a scientific report are kinds of speech that aim just to inform its audiences on a certain topic by providing raw data, motivational speeches are closer to the term of a persuasive speech, in which the speaker attempts to persuade the audience to form a certain point of view, or take certain action towards the topical issue. A motivational speech does not aim just to inform, but attempts to provoke a specific kind of reaction in order to motivate people, for example, to work or study more effectively. How to Write a Motivational Speech Since speaking in public may seem as a difficult and a nervous task for some, it is important to understand that, just as any other speech, a motivational speech requires certain steps and preparations. It would be reasonable for the speaker to write an outline that would allow to form the first draft of the speech. In the speech, it is important to form a solid thesis in order to connect the audience with the main idea. The speaker should also remain laconic, as large and complex sentences may lose the audiences attention. While a speech is a one-way type of conversation, the author would benefit from imagining that the audience is participating in active conversation – to predict the questions and arguments that would arise and answer them accordingly. The writer should remember that he/she it not trying to merely inform about a certain issue, but to raise the listeners motivation to do something about it. It would be reasonable to remind the audience about both its own impo rtance and the importance of the task.

Historical Accuracy in Films Essay - 1871 Words

Historically accurate movies that are also captivating have an immense burden to meet. To capture the essence of the time through a personal story that captivates movie executives who regularly make movies with Steven Seagall and Bruce Willis seems an almost insurmountable task. But difficulties in sales aside, there are two crucial elements for movies about history to be the most effective they can be. These elements are historical accuracy in a personal story, and a sense of hope. brbrHistorical accuracy does not mean trying to encompass everything that happened in a particular time period. Rather, it requires a story that highlights key elements of the period involved while containing nothing that could never have happened in the†¦show more content†¦He has essentially risen from the dead life of being a slave to the land of the free, where the horses run as free as men. uThe Last Supper/u is a successful film on both emotional and intellectual levels because it panders t o the heart with a personal incident and gives the mind hope to ponder.brbruAmistad/u desperately wants to be as important in American culture as uThe Last Supper/u is in Cuban culture. Even though that success was not attained, it is still a very powerful historical epic. Again, the story is true, but embellished for the screen. And again, this is not a problem, because in its embellishment it has not truly distorted the realities of slavery in Southern society. And uAmistad/u, even more than uThe Last Supper/u, has a very clear level of academic entertainment. The slavery in uAmistad/u is fought on a purely ideological level. We are given a white mans court to decide the fate of the prisoners of the uAmistad/u - its a clear picture of the interaction between Europeans and Africans. The questions Spielberg poses are many: Should this be the proper way to handle justice on a people that do not understand or respect the system? How is it that justice could be served in this case with out making theShow MoreRelatedHistorical Accuracies in the Snyders Film 3001593 Words   |  6 Pages300: Historical Accuracies in the Snyders Film Introduction Herodotus and Zac Snyder have at least one thing in common: they both portray the ancient Persians in very unflattering terms. The grim, ghastly, almost monstrously barbaric (yet weirdly effeminate) features of the Persian leader Xerxes is one of the most visually arresting elements of Snyders film 300 (based on a graphic novel by Frank Miller). How historically accurate is the film? Considering the fact that Snyder shot almost the entiretyRead MoreHistorical Investigation to Prove Accuracy in the Film, Defiance1792 Words   |  7 PagesThe investigation assesses how accurate the film â€Å"Defiance† was in portraying the experiences of Bielski Otriad. In order to understand how accurate the film â€Å"Defiance† was, research has to be done to investigate specific internal and external situations the Bielskis faced during World War II in the forests of Belarus. Assessing the differences and the similarities in both the movie and the documentary will be the method used to analyse. The method that will be used in the analysis will explain theRead MoreHistorical Accuracy Of The Film Good Night, And Good Luck2340 Words   |  10 PagesHistorical Accuracy of the film Good Night, and Good Luck Ed Murrow is one of the most well known and respected American television journalists of all time, and a source of inspiration for many. He is portrayed in George Clooney’s, Good Night, and Good Luck, as the anchor to the news show, See it Now, specifically surrounding the episodes focused on McCarthyism. These episodes were aired in the early 1950’s in the midst of the cold war and an era of intense anti-communist sentiment in America. McCarthyismRead MoreHistorical Accuracy of the Film Good Night Good Luck Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial historical programs. Joe McCarthy a nobody Wisconsin’s junior senator made his name when he gave a speech claiming his empty briefcase held the names of 205 communists. The movie â€Å"Good Night and Good Luck† tells the story how media ended Joseph McCarthy’s commy hunt and his political career. â€Å"Good Night and Good Luck† impeccable historical accuracy is demonstrated by showing McCarthy in actual film. The Film easily found actors to play McCarthy’s part however actual film gives a viewRead MoreDjango Untrained Analysis1525 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the historical significance of Tarantino’s Django Unchained? Racism has been a prevalent issue throughout the history of the United States. From the introduction of slaves to the â€Å"New World† in the 17th century to the killing of innocent black individuals by police officers today, racism has defined this country. Director Quentin Tarantino, in his spaghetti western film Django: Unchained, addressed this issue. The film features a black slave who is freed at and sets out on a revenge missionRead MoreThe Education Medium For The Course1506 Words   |  7 Pagesitself or the academy award winning film. Both mediums have their advantages and disadvantages as a teaching aid. After some consideration, I will be using the film as the education medium for the course. While the book is a fountain of information, I believe the film will be more beneficial for a first year history course. This film will truly engage the students and give them a better understanding of the unfortunate events of historical slavery. Though, the film is not the primary evidence of slaveryRead MoreHistorical Fiction And Its Importance On Society805 Words   |  4 Pagesmovies about historical figures and events. Historical fiction is one of the most popular film genres. The general assumption is that it helps people remember and understand history, giving us facts with some creative liberties. In truth, it is changing the way we see history and thus changing our traditions and our culture. The paper that follows should  · Explain the reasoning behind creating a historical fictional movie  · Explaining the importance of historical accuracy in fictionalRead MoreEgyptian Tales Galore Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesjoint army effort of the lovers and Antony committed suicide thinking Cleopatra did while Cleopatra committed suicide two weeks after, letting her children and Egypt go under Rome’s rule. To be able to analyze how the inaccuracies of the film affect the overall accuracy of the movie, we must check the inaccuracy of the costume design, character/figure portrayal and set design and set facts. A major aspect of the movie Cleopatra that was portrayed inaccurately was the costume design. (i) The first thingRead MoreOur World War Film Analysis1099 Words   |  5 Pagesalongside the British response. Moreover, the movie does slightly renders the British retreat in the Battle of Mons as the films primary focus were the two British machine gunners defending the Nimy bridge, and ending when those defenses fail. Additionally, this may cause some concern in the eyes of some historians as dramatized in regards to the audience. Although heroic, the film/episode focuses on the two British machine gunner nests, having (hypothetical) brothers take over the MG as the previousRead MoreSchindler s List Of The Holocaust Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesacclaimed Holocaust films in the United States. Director Steven Spielberg set out to make a historically accurate film about Oskar Schindler, portrayed by Liam Neeson, and his Jews. It has been over 20 years since the film’s release an d Schindler’s List continues to reign supreme when it comes to Holocaust films. However, this is not to say that the film has not been without controversy specifically surrounding the film’s historical accuracy. While often hailed for its accuracy, it would be inaccurate

William Shakespeare s The Fraud - 1164 Words

Shakespeare the Fraud? Shakespeare was a playwright from Stratford upon Avon who had arguably the most significant influence on English literature and language. His works are still acclaimed to this day for their divine superiority, although debate has risen over the authenticity of his authorship. According to Dobson, reasons for doubting that William Shakespeare was in fact the author of his works include theories that he lacked the education, aristocratic awareness, or familiarity with the royal court that is said to be apparent in the works (Dobson, 2001, p.31). Many books have been published questioning if the renowned playwright is the author of his many plays and poems. The theory of Shakespeare s authorship being fraudulent†¦show more content†¦Throughout his writings, there is indication of connections between the language and literature of the time period with subjects such as law, history, politics, geography and more. He also displayed knowledge of the courts whi ch would not have been known by a common citizen such as he was. The lacking records have added even more mystery as none of the original manuscripts have survived. The Puritans closed the theaters in 1642, and many manuscripts and other records were lost (Best, 2005). Some theories suggest they were possibly destroyed to hide the identity of the actual author. In the four centuries that have passed since Shakespeare lived, several theories have been formulated which claim that others may be the true authors of his works. Some of the playwrights focused on are: Francis Bacon, Edward de Vere, William Stanley, Roger Manners and Christopher Marlowe. Other theories suggest that possibly several of these individuals collaborated to write his works or that Shakespeare stole the numerous pieces of literature and used them as his own. Sir Francis Bacon is one of the most divisive and accused writers. Bacon was a great philosopher, essayist and scientist that had enough education to write master pieces of Shakespeare s caliber. It is most commonly argued that Bacon s ascension to high office might have been hindered if it became known that he wroteShow MoreRelatedShakespeare Is a Fraud1232 Words   |  5 PagesSHAKESPEARE IS A FRAUD January 25th 2012 Shakespeare is a Fraud One cannot write thirty-six plays, one hundred and fifty-four sonnets and two long narrative poems if they were ordinary. But unbelievably, William Shakespeare did just that from 1564 – 1616. People have questioning how Shakespeare achieved writing such great pieces of literature, when the behind the scenes story does not add up. There are no records to prove he wrote anything and there is proofRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman1241 Words   |  5 Pagestrait. Perhaps that is why the theme of ambition has been so prevalent in literature. It is the dominant theme in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, William Shakespeare s Macbeth, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and The Wolf of Wall Street by Jordan Belfort. In this essay, I will discuss the two ways over ambition can cause an individual s downfall. The first is setting unattainable goals which we can see in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman. The second is trying to achieve your goalsRead MoreD o Consequences Depend on Motives in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps?1103 Words   |  4 Pagesthe consequences of a situation are undeniably much worse than the motivation of one’s instigation of their actions. This applies to the intentions and, more importantly, the consequences of the characters in both the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and film Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps directed by Oliver Stone. Even though some people have honorable intentions and mean no harm, the consequences can still be disastrous. In much the same way, those with fraudulent intentions also sufferRead MoreSelf Interest, The Enemy Of True Affection1228 Words   |  5 Pagesjust to extract some benefit from it. In both the plays, William Shakespeare with his famous piece, the Merchant of Venice and Arthur Miller with his famous play, The Crucible have depicted the role of self-interest in human relationships. They emphasize this theme through examples of love, friendship, power The triangular relationship between Antonio, Bassanio and Portia in The Merchant of Venice and the friendship between Abigail Williams and all the girls in The Crucible are both based on selfishRead MoreSelf Interest, The Enemy Of True Affection1199 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship just to extract some benefit from it. In both the plays, William Shakespeare with his famous piece, the Merchant of Venice and Arthur Miller with his famous play, The Crucible has depicted the role of self-interest in human relationships. They emphasize this theme from examples of love, friendship, power The relationship between Antonio, Bassanio and Portia in The Merchant of Venice and the friendship between Abigail Williams and all the girls in The Crucible are both based on selfish motivesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark1584 Words   |  7 PagesPrince of Denmark, is a renowned play that was written by William Shakespeare, it portrays love, tragedy, gluttony, and of course vengeance. Hamlet is a character that was perhaps the best dramatic person to be created in such a play. He is, in fact, irresponsible, however careful, polite, yet rude, affectionate, but cruel. People may, in fact, feel that this play is troubling, or maybe overwhelming, on the other hand, William Shakespeare possibly wrote this play over an incident that involved himRead MoreKing Tut s Curse, Real Or Fiction?1731 Words   |  7 Pages Also Sir Bruce Ingham, Carters friend, had his house burned down twice. In the book An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural, investigator James Randi notes that the average duration of life for ... those who should have suffered the ancient curse was more than twenty-three years after the curse was supposed to become effective. Carnarvon s daughter died in 1980, a full fifty-seven years later. Howard Carter, who not only discovered the tomb and physicallyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 Pagespresently have traits of deception, force, and manipulation, although the people who think this are dead wrong. People with the greatest amount of power get authority through ambition, responsibility, and motivation. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, it shows a story about a fictional tragedy in which a strong scottish general named Macbeth receives news from witches that he will one day become king. The new king of Scotland would be him one day. He created a large amount of confidenceRead MoreSelf Interest : The Enemy Of True Affection1086 Words   |  5 Pageshas depicted the role of self-interest in human relationships. They emphasize this theme through examples of love, friendship, power. The relationship between Portia, Bassanio and Antonio in The Merchant of Venice and the friendship between Abigail Williams and all the girls in The Crucible are both based on selfish motives. Bassanio asks Antonio for money in order to marry Portia. However, his motives for the marriage consists not for his unreasonable love for Portia but mostly his desire to obtainRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Fever 1254 Words   |  6 PagesThis book made Hawthorne famous. He published the book and 1850 and is considered one of the greatest American novels of all time. A few writers have influenced Nathaniel Hawthorne’s life and writing. One of the writers who influenced his was William Shakespeare, who was most famous for creating â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† â€Å"Among the literary influences that helped shape Hawthorne’s life were the Greek and Latin classics (Diorio 33)†. Even though other writers put a huge influence on Hawthorne, his work was

Transformation free essay sample

African American playwrights are writing about difficult topics that affect the hip-hop generation. In this paper, I will focus on the transformation of hip -?hop through theatre in the work of Robert Alexander, A Preface to the Alien Garden, and the work of Camilla Forbes, A Rhyme Deferred. These playwrights reflect the evolution and different elements of the hip-hop culture. There are many similarities and differences between them regarding themes, Intent, deflation of hip hop generation and black theatre, the impact each play has on the hip-hop generation, and the historical context of each play. Both playwrights do an amazing reflecting an accurate depiction of the hip-hop generation, which embodies gangster rap, regular hip-hop music, dance, and music. Kampala Forbes Is an actress, director, and playwright who wrote and directed Rhyme Deferred. She Is the Founding Artistic Director of the HIP Hop Theatre Junction where she focuses on producing and creating works reflecting the hip-hop generation. Her thoughts and passion for hip hop and theatre and the Idea that the new hip hop generation was not reflected through theatre, sparked her to began her story and write the play Rhyme Deferred.This highly energetic play engages the audience through dance and breaking down the third wall between the actors and the audience. Rhyme Deferred is the story of two brothers, both rappers. The older brother, Akin, is a mainstream rapper and becomes successful. The younger and more talented brother, Gave, struggles In the hip-hop underground as he attempts to develop his skills. As older brother Kins popularity begins to fade, he returns to the streets to try to regain his credibility.Haunted by a greedy record label constantly pushing for more product, Akin resorts to stealing younger brother Gables notebook of rhymes in a desperate attempt to come up with fresh material (Drumming). The common good-brother-vs.. -evil-brother motif here Is couched In specific hip-hop terms. Gables Journey reflects that of unsigned rap artists worldwide, and Kins flamboyant similarity to Sean Puff Daddy Combs is none too subtle. Some common themes throughout this play Include defining hip-hop theatre, energy, performance, homophobia, generational hip-hop, and fashion (Drumming).All of these themes contributes to Forbes goal to direct a play to reflects the new enervation of hip hop as well as educate individuals on the progress that needs to be made with the hip hop culture (Drumming peg. 4). Robert Alexander Is a playwright, dramatic. And author of 29 plays. Including A Preface to the Allen Garden. This dramatic and cut-throat play takes place in a crack house in Kansas city in which a group of young gangsters tell a story. This gangs rap agitprop has a strong impact and is expressed through lots of provocative, profane language and rapping.Alexander Incorporates Shakespearean, Western, and gangster ideas Into one play. Some common themes throughout this play are aliens, hip-hop culture, gangs rap, and the Book of Ezekiel (Outlaw Blues). There are many similarities and differences between Forbes and Alexander plays and they both have a common goal to transform hip-hop through theatre. In Rhyme Deferred, hip hop is defined as movement and an engaging expression of the personal struggles African Americans 1 OFF through music, rhythm, beats, and rhymes.Because Forbes defines this hip-hop generation as engaging she makes the play come alive. She initially does this by having live deejays on stage throughout the play. These deejays provide music and beats throughout the play to help tell the story between the brothers. They also encourage audience participation. Forbes also has true music artists and poets play the main characters, Akin and Gave. Akin and Gave freestyle throughout the play, not only does this make the play come alive as a performance but it also accurately reflects to hip-hop generation described in the play.The a-boy dancers also contributed to play coming alive. In A Preface to the Alien Garden hip-hop is defined differently than that in Rhyme Deferred. This play focuses on gangster rap music which is much more profane and hardcore than regular rap music. Alexander defines gangs hip-hop as a reflection of a lifestyle of gang involvement, violence, drugs, sex, women, and music. All of the characters are involved in the Kansas City Crisp called Slanting Zulus and they all have different roles in the set relating to the definition of gangs rap.G Rock is a drug dealer, Crazy Mike is the hit man and the public relations person for the set, Candid is the slut of the gang, Slick Rick is a ex-gang banger who is looking to settle his life, Lisa is a member who loves the Book of Ezekiel ND believes shes been abducted by aliens, B Dog is the physical imposer, Ice Pick is a stone-cold killer, and Shelia is also a drug dealer (Elan). Historical context is very significant when comparing these plays. Rhyme Deferred was written in the late sasss and performed in the early sasss.The hip-hop generation at this time was similar to that of the sasss. In this play, it is defined through what they wear, music style, and dance. Akin is wearing a flashy chain throughout the play reflecting the hip-hop generation, the dance style is a-boy, and the music style is rap music. The historical context is significant when discussing how a hip-hop generation is defined because it helps the reader put the play into perspective. A Preface to the Alien Garden was performed in the late sasss, early sasss but it was written much before it was performed.This play accurately reflects this time period through music and situation. Situation meaning that during the late sasss there were many gangs and gang related activity. In the hip-hop world during this time, two of the greatest gangster rappers were murders Biggie Smalls and Outpace. The play, A Preface to the Alien Garden, encompasses the ideas of gang affiliations and violence into his play. Forbes and Alexander define hip-hop theatre very similarly in both of their plays. It is defined as the transformation of hip-hop through theatre.In Rhyme Deferred, since the focus is on generational hip-hop it is transformed through music, dance, and rhymes. The story of Akin stealing his brothers book of rhymes is another avenue in which hip-hop is transformed because it occurred frequently in hip-hop during the late sasss. Since Forbes does not use many props in this play, she uses the actors to ransom the scene. For example in the notes of the play she says using dance movement, the ensemble takes Akin through a mystical transition to the underworld of the streets. (Fire This Time). This quote shows how bodies were used to create the scenes.While in A Preface to the Alien Garden, the focus is on gangster rap therefore it is transformed through music, the characters lifestyles and roles, and rhymes. Alexander uses props to transform the scenes. For example, Lisa does graffiti plays have on the current hip-hop generation is very different. Gangster rap is not ere common although the language and the degradation of women in current gangster rap songs still exist. Therefore, there is less of an impact on the new hip- hop generation. Although the language in Alexander play was very profane, it would not shock the new hip-hop generation because that language is normal. Forbes play would have a larger impact on the hip-hop generation because it is engaging and depicts some of the same elements important to todays hip-hop generation. Because it is so initially engaging with the deejays and a-boy dancers, the hip-hop generation old be more responsive. This play could have a positive impact on the hip-hop generation pushing them to enjoy hip-hop, reconsider negative thoughts regarding homophobia, and finally it encourages poets and rappers to continue to pursue their passions.The authors intent in both plays, A Preface to the Alien Garden and Rhyme Deferred are very different. Forbes intentions were to make her play for the hip-hop generation, engaging, and for her play to become a performance. She accomplished this by not relying on props and the setting but relying on bodies to create the scene. She also wanted use hip-hop performance elements as theater conventions or theater tools. (Elan). She definitely achieved her goal by having the dual deejays at the end of each side of the stage.The beats and music were used as cues for the actors. Im most comfortable making others uncomfortable. To be comfortable in my world is to be complacent. Therefore my desire as an activist and an artist to provoke the complacent and to upset those with viewpoints that differ from my own. I live for a good fight, no matter how outnumbered or outgunned I may be. (Elan) This tote explains Alexander intent in a nutshell. He wanted this play to be very profane and dramatic to accurately reflect the lives of individuals involved in gangs.His intentions were to stir the pot and anger some of his critics. To my knowledge, there are not many plays that reflect gangster rap culture, use vulgar language, and show elements of gangster rap that are often overlooked in theatre because of the backlash they might receive from it. Some of the elements of gangster hip-hop culture that most directors want to overlook in plays are the realistic language, lenience, and degradation of women. Alexander takes a risk and depicts this in a dramatic way.Alexander intention was also to reinvent a play about the Black Panthers. l wanted to chart the course of what happened with the guns in the ass and ass and whats going on with Black folks with guns now, with these young kids right now who are the descendants of these radicalized, revolutionary idealists who failed to pass the baton on to them, the next generation (Rodriguez). The youth that Joined the Black Panthers learned tough love and the Panthers became an extended family, it revived them with a sense of belonging and power through violence.He also did not want the readers or audiences to believe that the plays intent was to glorify the gang culture. He made this clear in throughout the play; there were no heroes and the play ended with death. Another difference between Alexander and Forbes plays is the biblical reference. In A Preface to the Alien Garden, Lisa, also known as Fly Girl, often references the Book of Ezekiel. In Fire This Time (p 414), Lisa discusses the visions the Ezekiel had in will come back for her. She also draws a connection between Ezekiel wheel is the gig flying saucer that comes down from space.In Rhyme Deferred, the biblical reference made occurs between the main characters Akin and Gave. Their relationship and problems mirrors the biblical story of Cain and Able because they represent two sides of hip-hop; greed and ideals. There are many limitations in both plays that can affect my personal critique. Some limitations include sound, rhythm, movement, and the use of space. In Rhyme Deferred, Forbes says This piece in particular is not meant to be read (nor is any theatre piece), but even confining the ice o the page does it quite a disservice. (Fire This Time). Reading this play is limiting because the reader cannot see or hear some of the most important aspects of the play, movement, dance, and the music. This limitation is also true in A Preface to the Alien Garden because the reader must imagine the music and the actors rhyming versus actually hearing the play. Reading the plays is also limiting because these plays are never performed exactly the same. More specifically in Rhyme Deferred, the main characters freestyle throughout the performance and that is not omitting a reader gets to witness.Since the characters in Forbes play create the scenes, the reader cannot see this but must read the stage directions to imagine it. Personally, I really enjoyed reading both plays. I was surprised at how accurately both plays defined hip-hop. From reading and researching both plays a personal critique that I have is regarding the audience. Since both plays are about hip-hop they dont appeal to all audience and should be produced mostly in community theatres. Alexander had many difficulties receiving aid and help producing his play because of its content.Another critique I have is the use of space in A Preface to the Alien Garden, I believe that it would have been more effective to use more body movement throughout the play because hip-hop is about movement. Unfortunately, I only read the play, which can skew my critique, and the stage directions did not suggest much movement. Laurence Sassy reviewed A Preface to the Alien Garden describing it as the soaring poetry of some of the rap duels and the plaintive speeches of Lisa and Rick as they bid to discover a way to escape their fates are testimony to Alexander authentic talent, expressed with an authentic voice (Amazon peg 2).This review is significant because it highligh ts the significance of rhymes in the play and Alexander skills as a playwright. Lauren Smith reviews Rhyme Deferred describing it as spiritual and Shakespearean, a street-savvy, tradition-rich portal to the soul. Rhyme Deferred is a powerful performance piece that argues for Hip Hops higher purpose. (Amazon peg 5). This review is significant because it highlights how Forbes incorporated many different elements into a wonderful production. In conclusion, both plays are very significant as they take a chance by creating a play about hip-hop.Although done in different ways, both subtle and profane, both playwrights accurately depict the hip- hop generation and transform hip-hop through theatre. This is significant because hip-hop is a huge reflection of African American culture because it gives African Americans an avenue to express themselves and show off or develop rhyming skills. These plays are also important to hip-hop culture because although it is changing the basic elements of hip-hop, music, expression, rhymes, beats, dance, are reflected hill Alexander play focuses more on the dark side of hip-hop.